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11 Abraham was very distressed because of his son. 12 God said to Abraham, “Do not be so distressed because of the boy and because of your maid.[a] Listen to everything that Sarah says to you, because the family line of your descendants[b] will be traced through Isaac. 13 I will also make the son of the maid into a nation because he too is your offspring.”

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Footnotes

  1. Genesis 21:12 The word which is used in this chapter for female slave or servant (amah) is allegedly somewhat higher than the one used in connection with Ishmael’s birth in chapter 16 (shiphchah). In Sarah’s eyes, Hagar is still a slave, but as Sarah’s surrogate, she also has the status of a secondary wife of Abraham. It is not clear, however, whether any distinction is intended by this shift of terms. Critics, of course, see the shift as evidence of two sources.
  2. Genesis 21:12 Literally seed